Angleichung der Neuanglizismen an das System der deutschen Gegenwartssprache

Abstract

The article has been devoted to the investigation and description of the adaptation of neological anglicisms borrowed to the system of the general German language. The research material is based on the neological loanwords of 2010–2020, selected by the method of continuous sampling from the online dictionary of neologisms on the internet portal OWID of the Leibniz institute for German language. The adaptation process of neological anglicisms to different subsystems of the German language, their phonetic, graphic, morphological and lexical-semantic integration are traced. In the process of phonological integration of anglicisms the sounds that do not exist in the German language are replaced by similar ones. The word stress on the first component in compound words is also characteristic. The voiced consonants at the end of the English borrowings are pronounced in German unvoiced, which is not typical for English. Sometimes there are two pronunciation variants of a loan word in the recipient language, which can serve as evidence of incompleteness of its adaptation. Graphic adaptation is observed primarily in writing nouns in capital letters and writing compounds, which are written in English separately, together or joined by a hyphen. In the course of integration into the grammatical system of the German language, English loan nouns acquire uncharacteristic categories of gender and case, as well as form plural based on the patterns of German. Borrowed verbs receive the grammatical inflectional morpheme of the German infinitive and acquire new grammatical paradigms of the recipient language. Unlike other borrowings, English loan words can be relatively easily segmented into morphemes. Therefore, the presence of a prefix in an English verb can cause double forms of Participle II. The development of new meanings in existing loan words, as well as the active participation of borrowings in word-formation processes in German are considered as examples of their lexical-semantic integration. Thus, borrowed morphemes can be combined both with German morphemes, and among themselves, promoting development of German system of word-formation.