Збагачення, уточнення й активізація словника молодших школярів шляхом етимологічного аналізу

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано роль етимологічного аналізу лексем у системі словникової роботи учнів молодших класів. Визначено, що це може сприяти реалізації завдань, передбачених програмою НУШ. Окреслено пізнавальне, навчальне та виховне значення етимологічних розвідок. Простежено взаємозв’язок етимології з діалектологією, що часто допомагає розкрити найдавніші історичні значення слова. Схарактеризовано етапи проведення етимологічного аналізу в початковій школі. Установлено, що системне використання етимологічних розвідок та елементів цікавої етимології сприятиме розвитку комунікативної компетентності учня, а також формуванню національно свідомого громадянина. In the article the role of etymologic analysis of lexemes is analyzed in the system of lexicographic labor of lower secondary levels. It has been determined that it may contribute to the implementation of the tasks provided for by the New Ukrainian School program. The cognitive, training and educative aspects of etymological intelligence are outlined. The interrelationship between etymology and dialectology is traced, which often helps to reveal the most ancient historical meanings of a word. The stages of the etymological analysis conducting in primary school are described. It has been established that systematic use of etymological intelligence and elements of interesting etymology will promote the development of communicative competence of the student, as well as the formation of a nationally conscious citizen.

The lexical work in the Ukrainian language lessons always occupies a significant place, although the work with the etymology of words in an elementary school is held sporadically. The main purpose of etymological articles is to find and explain the ancient (primary) meanings and forms of words. This content of training, as experience shows, constantly stimulates cognitive activity of students, promotes the development of their ability to use the word, helps to identify and develop the potential of pupils, and influences on the formation of a Ukrainian-speaking person in general.

The Ukrainian language program for the primary school does not provide the task of finding out the origin of words. But, as the analysis of Ukrainian textbooks for grades 1-4 shows, it has a large number of tokens whose origins can be explained. These skills are produced by systematic execution of various exercises.

With the etymological analysis of words, a teacher should pay attention to the following groups of tokens: 1) the actual Ukrainian words that exist (or appear at the present stage) as opposed to the foreign language; 2) words that have Old Slavic or Proto-Slavic roots whose values ​​are easy to establish after morphemic analysis; 3) tokens derived from other languages, but the etymology of which can be traced back to the dictionary.

Etymology is closely related to dialectology. Therefore, a combination of etymological and dialectological articles will be interested for students, especially in rural areas in order to establish the motivational peculiarities of dialectal names of certain realities.

The etymological analysis of words can significantly improve children's speech, because in such kind of work not only mechanical memory is involved, but also the logic of the student. Etymological articles make the lesson more interesting, unusual, introduce the elements of game, curiosity, cultivate an interest for Ukrainian language, expand the worldview of a student, increase his vocabulary, develop speech, introduce children with native history and culture. Systemic use of etymological articles and elements of interesting etymology will promote the development of the communicative skills of a student and the formation of a nationally conscious citizen.